Resources and Development: CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 1
Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes PDF Download
If you are looking for a concise and comprehensive guide to the first chapter of Class 10 Geography, then you have come to the right place. In this article, we will provide you with the CBSE notes for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 - Resources and Development. You will learn about the concept of resources, their classification, planning, utilization, conservation, and degradation. You will also learn about the different types of soils in India, their characteristics, distribution, and management. By reading these notes, you will be able to prepare well for your exams and score high marks. You can also download these notes in PDF format for free.
class 10 geography chapter 1 notes pdf download
Introduction
Geography is the study of the earth and its features, including its physical, human, and natural aspects. It helps us to understand the relationship between humans and their environment. One of the important topics in geography is resources. Resources are anything that can be used to satisfy our needs and wants. They can be natural or human-made, renewable or non-renewable, biotic or abiotic, etc. Resources are essential for human survival and development. However, resources are not evenly distributed across the world. Some regions have more resources than others. Therefore, there is a need for proper planning, management, and conservation of resources to ensure their sustainable use and equitable distribution.
What are Resources?
A resource is anything that can be used to satisfy our needs and wants. It can be a substance, a service, or an asset. For example, water, air, land, minerals, forests, wildlife, electricity, education, health care, etc. are all resources. However, not everything in our environment is a resource. A resource must have some characteristics that make it useful for us. These are:
It must be technologically accessible, i.e., we must have the knowledge and skills to use it.
It must be economically feasible, i.e., we must have the money and means to obtain it.
It must be culturally acceptable, i.e., we must have the social and ethical approval to use it.
Thus, a resource is not a fixed or static entity. It depends on human perception and action. Something that is a resource for one person or group may not be a resource for another. Similarly, something that is not a resource today may become a resource tomorrow due to changes in technology, economy, or culture. For example, petroleum was not a resource until humans discovered its use as a fuel. Similarly, solar energy was not a resource until humans developed solar panels to harness it.
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Classification of Resources
Resources can be classified into different categories based on various criteria. Some of the common ways of classifying resources are:
On the Basis of Origin
On the basis of origin, resources can be divided into two types:
Biotic Resources: These are the resources that are obtained from living organisms or organic matter. They have life or potential life. For example, human beings, animals, plants, microorganisms, fossil fuels, etc.
For example, metals, minerals, rocks, air, water, etc.
On the Basis of Exhaustibility
On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified into two types:
Renewable Resources: These are the resources that can be replenished or regenerated naturally within a short period of time. They are not likely to run out or get depleted. For example, solar energy, wind energy, water, soil, forests, wildlife, etc.
Non-renewable Resources: These are the resources that cannot be replenished or regenerated naturally within a short period of time. They are finite and limited in quantity. They are likely to run out or get depleted with excessive use. For example, coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals, metals, etc.
On the Basis of Ownership
On the basis of ownership, resources can be categorized into four types:
Individual Resources: These are the resources that are owned by private individuals or groups. They have the right to use and dispose of them as they wish. For example, a farmer's land, a shopkeeper's goods, a person's car, etc.
Community Resources: These are the resources that are accessible to all the members of a community or society. They are collectively owned and managed by the people. For example, a village pond, a public park, a community hall, etc.
National Resources: These are the resources that are owned by a nation or a country. They are controlled and regulated by the government. For example, railways, highways, postal services, national parks, etc.
International Resources: These are the resources that are shared by two or more countries or regions. They are governed by international laws and agreements. For example, the oceans, the Antarctica, the outer space, etc.
On the Basis of Status of Development
On the basis of status of development, resources can be classified into three types:
Potential Resources: These are the resources that exist in a region but have not been utilized or developed yet. They have the potential to become useful in the future with proper technology and planning. For example, uranium deposits in Ladakh, tidal energy in India's coastal areas, etc.
Developed Resources: These are the resources that have been identified and surveyed and are being used in the present. They have been developed with suitable technology and management. For example, coal mines in Jharkhand, hydroelectric power plants in Himachal Pradesh, etc.
Stock Resources: These are the resources that have been discovered but cannot be used in the present due to lack of technology or economic viability. They may become useful in the future if technology improves or demand increases. For example, water trapped in glaciers and ice caps, hydrogen gas in water molecules, etc.
Resource Planning in India
Resource planning is the process of judicious and efficient use of natural and human resources to achieve sustainable development. It involves identifying, inventorying, evaluating, allocating, and managing resources to meet the present and future needs of people and environment. Resource planning is essential for a country like India which has a large population and diverse natural resources. Resource planning in India involves three steps: need for resource planning; steps in resource planning; and conservation of resources.
Need for Resource Planning
The need for resource planning in India arises due to various reasons such as:
Rapid population growth: India has a population of over 1.3 billion people which is increasing at a rate of 1.2% per year. This puts immense pressure on the available resources and creates problems such as poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, etc.
Inequitable distribution of resources: India has a vast geographical area with varied physical features and climatic conditions. This leads to uneven distribution of resources across different regions and states. Some regions have abundant resources while others face scarcity and deprivation.
forests, etc. This has led to depletion of resources, enviro